Chapter 4: The Variety of Resources on Earth

Earths resources – includes water, air, soil, minerals, fossil fuels and licing things

Water

- most living organisms are dependent to water
- also an habitat for plants and animals
- In humans- it’s the main component in blood
- to dissolve waste product and transport them out of the body
- required to digest food and transport food out of the body
- In plants - seeds cannot germinate without water
- Imagine what will happen to the roses in your garden if you don’t water them?

Air

- Earth is surrounded by a layer of air- Atmosphere- protects us from harmful radiation
- required for respiration, combustion, decay and photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Process of oxidizing food in the cells of the body to get energy- carbon dioxide and
waste product removed
- Combustion -The burning of material using oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy in the form of heat and light
- Decay -bacteria and fungi would break up substances into smaller part by utilizing oxygen
- Photosynthesis -Green plants makes their own food using the energy from the sun -Plants uses carbon dioxide and water in the air and in return releases oxygen

Soil

- First layer of particles on the surface of the Earth
- Habitat for plants and animals (eg: worms, microorganisms)
- contains spaces which are filled with air- facilitate the living for plants and animals
- Rich with minerals- potassium, calcium, magnesium
- Rich in humus- decaying parts of plants and animals- Food source for living organisms
- stores important fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum – used in industries

Minerals
- Mineral Ores- used to produce metals
-Haematite (Iron Oxide) - produces Iron
-Galena (lead Sulphide) – produces Lead

Fossil Fuels
- Coal, natural gas and petroleum
- Formed from plants and animals that are buried in the earth
- Coal – Carbon that has hardened due to pressure in the earth
- Natural Gas – used to produce raw material – hydrogen, urea, alcohol and ammonia
- Petroleum – supplies nearly half energy that are needed in the world

Plants and Animals
- Humans cannot survive without plants and animals
- Plants – souces for food, clothes, bulding material and fuel

Click the below link to view the vidoe on Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Elements, Compunds and Mixtures

Atom – smallest particle in a matter
Molecule – Made up of two or more atoms
Elements - Substance made up of one type of atom only- simplest substance
- Cannot be broken downby common chemical reactions
- Example- Copper, Carbon, Iron
- Can be grouped into metal and non-metal

Metal and non-metal
Watch the below video which explains the difference between the metal and non metal
Metal Vs Non-Metal

Compounds
– consist of two or more elements that are chemically bound together
- Example- Water (hydrogen and oxygen)
- What other examples can you think of ??????
- can be separated using chemical methods (electrolysis) or by using strong heat
- cannot be separated using physical methods

Mixtures
- substances made up of two or more types of particles that are combined physically
- not chemically bonded
- can be separated using physical methods – evaporation, filtration, magnet

Preservation and Conservation of earth resources

Air – contains oxygen and needed for respiration
Water – neede for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing
Fossil fuels – generate electricity, run machines, vehicles
Minerals – plant growth
Living things – food, clothing, oxygen
Soil – habitat, plant support, farming

Preservation – maintaining the earth resources
Conservation – sustainable use and management of resources – use wisely and do not waste